Récit de vie féminin dans l’Europe
de l’Est et du Sud-Est/
Women’s Life Writing in Eastern and South-Eastern
Europe/
Literatură auto/biografică feminină în Europa de Est
şi de Sud-Est
Call for Papers
In
the form of memoirs, autobiographies, diaries or correspondence, or given a
literary spin as autofiction and biofiction, the experiences of East and
South-East European women during wartimes and under the oppressive regimes of
the twentieth century (a period laden with contrasts, which in the West was hailed
as “a century of women”, Rowbotham 1997, but also framed as an
“age of testimony”, Felman and Laub 1992) have been surfacing in the past two
decades. The transmission of these narratives followed sinuous paths, taking
both verbal and non-verbal forms, relying on both “filial” and “affiliative”
networks (Hirsch 2012), and coming from both female victims and female perpetrators
(Schwab 2010). If deciphering most of what came to light requires the careful
eye of a literary or cultural studies scholar, the broad perspective of a
historian, or the attentive ear of a psychoanalyst, some phenomena of
resurfacing bring back not only traumatic legacies, but also extremist ones,
pushing towards repeating a history of perpetrations (Pető 2020), a concerning
tendency which calls for a political scientist’s perspective.
The
persistence of women’s psychic wounds, passed on through “postmemory” (Hirsch
1997 & 2012) has generated “haunting
legacies” (Schwab 2010) as it shaped the next generation’s unconscious
reflexes, and has found a forceful outlet in works of life writing coming
either from second-generation witnesses or from the publication of previously
censored works by victims of totalitarian regimes. The transmission of these
narratives happened against the backdrop of an uneven social progress, which created
gender gaps and accentuated women’s vulnerabilities, despite the presence of emancipation
movements, which received official support from some political regimes.
This
issue will look at how traumatic memories (lived, inherited, or transmitted)
are transformed through the aesthetic agency of literature (sometimes with
additional support from photography or visual art), thus building a safe space
where the revisiting of the past allows room for both reflection and learning.
The volume focuses on a triad of aspects of life writing: witnessing (following distinctions made by Derrida and Agamben, and
recently refined by van der Heiden 2019, between the Latin testis, superstes, martyr – derived from the Greek martus – and auctor), enduring (which
brings together suffering and duration or survival), and recovering (connoting healing in the intransitive form, but also
rescuing or preserving in the transitive). We also want to take into account
the influence of censorship and self-censorship on the process of witnessing
and the way “missing memory” (Schwartz, Weller, and Winkel, 2021) finds a
compensation in fictional forms of life-writing. Contributions should cover the
large life writing spectrum (biographical
and autobiographical narratives, memoirs, diaries, letters, biofiction, or
autofiction), including posthumously published or retrospectively written accounts.
The
memory of past trauma or past guilt seeped in through gestures, images,
whispers, storytelling, silences. Life writing (broadly conceived to include
photography, correspondence, and archival material) has offered the main instrument to access, reassemble, and give
meaning to these traces of history. Deciphering the “communicative legacies of
trauma and resilience” (Hannah Klieger, in Mitroiu 2018), the relationship
between memory and history (Radstone and Hodgkin 2003), but also between
witnessing and literature (Felman and Laub 1992, van der Heiden 2019), are some
of our main goals for this special issue. The impact of local context on form (Mrozik
& Tippner 2021) has modelled the categories of life writing in Eastern and
South-Eastern Europe, providing a vantage point for formulating new theories on
the development of genre. We too are very interested in highlighting the local
and regional background and the specificity of these political, social and
cultural environments, with their impact on women’s life-writing.
We invite submissions on topics including, but not
limited to:
§ The value of testimony, persistence, and survival in
women’s life writing and of life-based literary narratives (biofictions and
autofictions) as related to historical traumas;
§ The role of literature, but also hybrid genres (life
writing accounts including photography and visual art) in recovering Eastern
and South-Eastern European female experiences of the twentieth century and in
recording the postmemory of these experiences in contemporary times;
§ Politics, women’s emancipation movements and their backlashes:
19th century origins, Marxism and the Cold War.
§ The involvement of women from Eastern and
South-Eastern Europe in political movements (leftist or rightist adherence,
even extremist groups) and, if the case, the resulting traumatic repression as
it is portrayed in various media.
§ The impact of the World Wars and the Cold War as well
as communist/fascist repression and censorship on the evolution of women’s life
writing and memory preservation;
§ The body as site of trauma, recovery,
and witnessing in women’s life writing that reflects the historical atrocities
of the twentieth century;
§ The transition from suffering witness (martus) to storytelling witness (auctor) in women’s life writing;
§ Establishing transnational connections and routes of
memory within Eastern and South-Eastern European women’s life writing;
§ The conflicted identities of descendants and / or
close friends of victims but also of perpetrators of historical trauma.
Please submit your proposals to the editors as follows:
Proposals on Romanian
life-writing, Cold War and totalitarian contexts: Dr. Andrada
Fătu-Tutoveanu, Lecturer, andrada.pintilescu@fspac.ro
Proposals
on Biofiction and Autofiction,
Postmemory: Laura Cernat, PhD candidate, cernat.laura@kuleuven.be
Proposals
on South-East European and Eastern
European literature: Dr. Bavjola
Shatro Gami, Associate Professor- bgami@kent.edu
Deadlines for submissions: ABSTRACTS (around 300 words): February 10, 2022.
FULL PAPERS (around 8000-9000 words): June 30, 2022.
Bibliography:
Felman, Shoshana, and Laub,
Dori. Testimony: Crises of Witnessing in
Literature, Psychoanalysis, and History. New York & London: Routledge,
1992.
Hirsch, Marianne. Family Frames: Photography, Narrative, and
Postmemory. Cambridge, MA & London: Harvard University Press, 1997.
Hirsch, Marianne. The Generation of Postmemory: Writing and
Visual Culture After the Holocaust. New York: Columbia University Press,
2012.
Mitroiu, Simona (ed.). Women’s Narratives and the Postmemory of
Displacement in Central and Eastern Europe. Cham: Palgrave, 2018.
Mrozik, Agnieszka, and Tippner,
Anja. “Remembering Late Socialism in Autobiographical Novels and Autofictions
from Central and Eastern Europe: Introduction”. European Journal of Life Writing. Vol 10, 2021, pp. 1-14.
Pető, Andrea. The Women of the Arrow Cross Party:
Invisible Hungarian Perpetrators in the Second World War. Cham: Palgrave,
2020.
Radstone, Susannah, and
Hodgkin, Katharine. Regimes of Memory. London
& New York: Routledge, 2003.
Rowbotham, Sheila. A Century of Women: The History of Women in
Britain and the United States. London: Viking, 1997.
Schwab, Gabrielle. Haunting Legacies: Violent Histories and
Transgenerational Trauma. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.
Schwartz, Matthias,
Weller, Nina, and Winkel, Heike. After Memory: World War II in Contemporary Eastern
European Literatures. Berlin/
Boston: De Gruyter, 2021.
Van der Heiden, Gert-Jan. The Voice of Misery: A Continental
Philosophy of Testimony. New
York: SUNY Press, 2019.
Récit de vie féminin dans l’Europe
de l’Est et du Sud-Est/
Women’s Life Writing in Eastern and South-Eastern
Europe/
Literatură auto/biografică feminină în Europa de Est
şi de Sud-Est
Appel à contributions
Soit sous la forme de mémoires, d’autobiographies, de journaux ou de
volumes de correspondance, soit recevant une tournure littéraire en tant
qu’autofiction et biofiction, les expériences des femmes de l’Europe de l’Est
et du Sud-Est en temps de guerre ou pendant les régimes oppressifs du vingtième
siècle (période pleine de contrastes, ayant été célébrée comme « un siècle
des femmes » dans l’Occident – Rowbotham 1997, mais aussi présentée comme
un « âge du témoignage » - Felman and Laub 1992) n'ont cessé
d'émerger durant les deux dernières décennies. La transmission de ces récits a
suivi des voies sinueuses, prenant des formes parfois verbales et parfois
non-verbales, soutenue autant par des réseaux « filiaux » que par des
réseaux « affiliatifs » (Hirsch 2012) et provenant tant du côté des femmes
victimisées que de celui des femmes coupables d’atrocités (Schwab 2010). Si
l’interprétation des documents qui sont parus récemment dans ce domaine serait
une tâche pour l’œil soigneux du spécialiste en littérature ou de l’expert
en études culturelles, entrainant également la perspective vaste de l’historien
ou peut-être l’oreille attentive du psychanalyste, il existe également des
phénomènes de réémergence qui réaniment non seulement la mémoire culturelle
traumatique, mais également un héritage extrémiste, engendrant la tendance de
répéter des violences historiques (Pető 2020), une évolution inquiétante dont
l’analyse réclame une expertise en sciences politiques.
La rémanence des blessures psychiques que les femmes ont transmises à leurs
proches à travers la « post-mémoire » (Hirsch 1997 & 2012) a
généré des « héritages obsédants » (« haunting legacies »,
Schwab 2010), structurant les réflexes inconscients de la génération suivante.
De telles expériences traumatisantes, soit héritées soit vécues, ont trouvé un
exutoire puissant dans l’écriture de témoignage pratiquée par la génération des
enfants des victimes ou dans la publication des ouvrages autobiographiques ou
biographiques émanant directement des victimes des régimes totalitaires et à
l’époque censurés. La transmission de ces récits s’est passée dans le contexte
d’un progrès social inégalement réparti, qui a créé des disparités de genre et
a accentué la vulnérabilité des femmes, malgré l’existence de mouvements
d’émancipation, qui ont, pour certains d'entre eux, bénéficié du soutien
officiel des régimes politiques.
Ce numéro thématique se penchera sur la manière dont les souvenirs
traumatisants (soient-ils vécus, hérités, ou transmis) sont transformés par
l’agencement esthétique propre à la littérature (parfois aidée par la
photographie ou l’art visuel), afin de construire une zone neutre où la
reconsidération du passé donne lieu à la réflexion et, par la même occasion, à
l’apprentissage. Le volume se concentre sur une triade d’aspects de l’écriture
de vie : témoigner (suivant les
distinctions, théorisées par Derrida et Agamben, et récemment affinées par van
der Heiden 2019, entre les termes latins testis,
superstes, martyr (dérivé du grecque martus), et auctor), survivre (survivre
à une expérience traumatisante, donc souffrir, mais aussi résister, durer), et rétablir (connotant une guérison dans sa
forme réflexive, mais aussi l’effort de récupérer ou de préserver la vérité du
passé, dans sa forme transitive). Nous voudrions tenir compte également de
l’influence de la censure et de l’autocensure dans le processus de témoignage
et de la manière dont la « mémoire manquante » (« missing
memory », Schwartz, Weller et Winkel 2021) trouve une compensation dans
les modalités fictionnelles de l’écriture de vie. Les contributeurs sont
encouragés à couvrir l’ensemble de formes de l’écriture de vie (des récits biographiques et
autobiographiques, mémoires, journaux, correspondance, biofiction ou
autofiction), y compris des récits publiés à titre posthume ou écrits en
rétrospective.
Le souvenir des expériences traumatisantes passées ou d’une culpabilité
traumatisante s’infiltre à travers des gestes, des images, des murmures, des
histoires, des silences. Les récits de vie (conçus plus généralement comme
l’ensemble de techniques de sauvegarde de la mémoire, dont font partie la
photographie, la correspondance, les matériaux d’archive) ont fourni l’outil
principal pour accéder à ces traces de l’histoire, les rassembler et leur
donner du sens. Déchiffrer les « héritages communicationnels du
traumatisme et de la résilience » (« communicative legacies of trauma
and resilience », Hannah Klieger, dans Mitroiu 2018), ainsi que la
relation entre la mémoire et l’histoire (Radstone et Hodgkin 2003), mais
également entre le témoignage et la littérature (Felman et Laub 1992, van der
Heiden 2019), figurent parmi les objectifs principaux de ce numéro thématique.
L’impact du contexte local sur l’aspect formel de l’écriture (Mrozik &
Tippner 2012) a modelé les catégories du récit de vie en Europe de l’Est,
offrant un nouvel angle pour formuler des théories innovatrices sur le
développement du genre. Nous cherchons également des articles qui mettent
l’accent sur le contexte local et régional et sur la spécificité de ces milieux
politiques, sociaux, et culturels, dans la mesure où ils influencent le récit
de vie féminin.
Nous invitons des contributions sur des thèmes liés au récit de vie féminin
dans l’Europe de l’Est et du Sud-Est, parmi lesquels nous recommandons :
§ La valeur du témoignage, de la persévérance et de la
survie dans les récits de vie écrits par des femmes ou dans la littérature
féminine inspirée par la vie réelle (biofiction ou autofiction) dans leur
rapport avec les expériences historiques traumatisantes ;
§ Le rôle que la littérature, mais aussi les genres
hybrides (les récits de vie dans leur ensemble, y compris sous la forme de la
photographie ou de l’art visuel), jouent dans le rétablissement / la
récupération des expériences féminines du vingtième siècle dans l’Europe de
l’Est et l’impact de ces pratiques sur l’inscription de la post-mémoire de ces
expériences dans l’archive contemporaine ;
§ La scène politique, les mouvements d’émancipation et
leurs contrecoups : les origines de ces tendances dans le dix-neuvième siècle,
notamment les discussions sur l’héritage du marxisme pendant la Guerre
Froide ;
§ L’implication des femmes de l’Europe de l’Est et du
Sud-Est dans des mouvements politiques (de gauche ou de droite, y compris les
adhésions à des groupes extrémistes) et, selon le cas, la répression
traumatisante qui s'en est suivie, telle qu’elle est dépeinte dans les
différents médias.
§ L’impact des Guerres Mondiales, de la Guerre Froide, de
la répression ainsi que de la censure communiste ou fasciste sur l’évolution
des récits de vie féminins et sur la conservation de la mémoire collective
féminine ;
§ Le corps comme lieu de l’expérience traumatisantes, du
rétablissement et du témoignage dans le récit de vie féminin qui relate les
atrocités historiques du vingtième siècle ;
§ Le passage du rôle du témoin souffrant (martus) à celui du témoin racontant (auctor) dans le récit de vie
féminin ;
§ Les connections transnationales et les routes de la
mémoire à travers le récit de vie féminin dans l’Europe de l’Est et du Sud-Est ;
§ Les identités conflictuelles des descendants et/ou des
proches des victimes, mais également des descendants et des proches des femmes
coupables d’atrocités historiques.
Veuillez remettre vos propositions aux éditeurs selon les catégories
suivantes :
Les propositions concernant le récit
de vie en Roumanie, l’expérience de la Guerre Froide, et les contextes
totalitaires : Dr. Andrada Fătu-Tutoveanu, chargée de cours, andrada.pintilescu@fspac.ro
Les propositions sur la biofiction,
l’autofiction, et la post-mémoire: Laura Cernat, doctorante,
cernat.laura@kuleuven.be
Les propositions concernant la
littérature de l’Europe de l’Est et du Sud-Est: Dr. Bavjola Shatro,
conférencière - shatro.uamd.edu@gmail.com
Date limite pour remettre les propositions
(environ 300 mots): 10 février 2022.
Date limite pour la remise des
contributions (environ 8000-9000 mots): 30 juin 2022.
Bibliographie:
Felman, Shoshana, and Laub, Dori. Testimony: Crises of Witnessing in Literature, Psychoanalysis, and
History. New York & London: Routledge, 1992.
Hirsch, Marianne. Family
Frames: Photography, Narrative, and Postmemory. Cambridge, MA & London:
Harvard University Press, 1997.
Hirsch, Marianne. The
Generation of Postmemory: Writing and Visual Culture After the Holocaust. New
York: Columbia University Press, 2012.
Mitroiu, Simona (ed.). Women’s Narratives and the Postmemory of Displacement in Central and
Eastern Europe. Cham: Palgrave, 2018.
Mrozik, Agnieszka, and Tippner, Anja. “Remembering
Late Socialism in Autobiographical Novels and Autofictions from Central and
Eastern Europe: Introduction”. European
Journal of Life Writing. Vol 10, 2021, pp. 1-14.
Pető, Andrea. The
Women of the Arrow Cross Party: Invisible Hungarian Perpetrators in the Second
World War. Cham: Palgrave, 2020.
Radstone, Susannah, and Hodgkin, Katharine. Regimes of Memory. London & New
York: Routledge, 2003.
Rowbotham, Sheila. A
Century of Women: The History of Women in Britain and the United States.
London: Viking, 1997.
Schwab, Gabrielle. Haunting
Legacies: Violent Histories and Transgenerational Trauma. New York:
Columbia University Press, 2010.
Schwartz, Matthias, Weller, Nina, and Winkel, Heike. After Memory:
World War II in Contemporary Eastern European Literatures. Berlin/ Boston: De Gruyter, 2021.
Van der Heiden, Gert-Jan. The Voice of Misery: A Continental Philosophy of Testimony. New York: SUNY Press, 2019.
Literatură auto/biografică
feminină în Europa de Est şi de Sud-Est
Women’s Life Writing in Eastern and
South-Eastern Europe/
Récit de vie féminin dans l’Europe de l’Est et du
Sud-Est/
Apel la contribuţii
Fie că a luat forma memoriilor, autobiografiilor,
jurnalelor sau coresponţei ori a îmbrăcat forme ficţionalizate (autoficţiune
ori bioficţiune), experienţa feminină din perioada războaielor mondiale şi a
regimurilor opresive din secolul XX în spaţiul est şi sud-est european a ieşit
la suprafaţă şi s-a impus în peisajul editorial al ultimelor două decenii. O
perioadă a contrastelor pe planul emancipării, secolul XX a fost celebrat în
Occident ca un „secol feminin” („a century
of women”, Rowbotham 1997), dar în
acelaşi timp a fost considerat o „eră a mărturiilor” („age of testimony”,
Felman & Laub 1992). Transmiterea istoriilor personale din această epocă a
urmat trasee sinuoase, în forme orale sau scrise, bazându-se pe reţele „filiale”şi
„afiliative” (Hirsch 2012), venind atât de la victimele feminine ale
diferitelor regimuri opresive cât şi de la alte figuri (în special feminine)
care au dus mai departe mărturia victimelor directe (Schwab 2010). În cursul descifrării acestor istorii
personale publicate în ultimele decenii (şi prezentând interes pentru multiple
discipline, de la studiile literare şi cele culturale la istorie sau
psihanaliză) iese la lumină nu doar memoria culturală traumatică, ci şi, în
egală măsură, o conservare şi reemergenţă a extremismului. În unele contexte, aceasta
din urmă a putut da naştere unei tendinţe de a repeta violenţe istorice (Pető
2020), o direcţie îngrijorătoare care solicită o perspectivă politologică
specializată.
Persistenţa unor traume, transmise apropiaţilor acestor
figuri feminine prin ceea ce se numeşte „post-memorie” (Hirsch 1997 & 2012)
a generat „reminiscenţe obsedante” („haunting legacies” (Schwab 2010),
transmiţând reflexe inconştiente noii generaţii. Aceste experienţe traumatice,
trăite sau moştenite, s-au manifestat cu forţă în scriitura de tip
memorialistic sau auto/biografic a generației care a preluat amintirile
traumatizante, precum și în scriitura confesivă a victimelor însele, anterior
cenzurată de regimurile totalitare. Transmiterea memoriei reprimate s-a produs
în contextul unui progres social inegal, care a creat disparităţi de gen şi a
accentuat vulnerabilităţile feminine, în ciuda existenţei unor mişcări de
emancipare care au primit sprijin oficial din partea unora dintre aceste
regimuri.
Acest număr tematic are în vedere felul în care memoria
traumatică (a experienţelor trăite, moştenite sau transmise) este transformată
prin influenţa estetică a literaturii (uneori şi prin mijlocirea unor elemente
vizuale, fotografie sau arte plastice), construind un spaţiu securizant în care
revizitarea trecutului e un prilej de reflecţie şi învăţare. Volumul se
concentrează pe o triadă care caracterizează scriitura auto/biografică: mărturia (urmând distincţiile făcute de
Derrida şi Agamben şi nuanţate mai recent de van der Heiden, 2019, între testis, superstes, martyr, derivat
la rândul său din grecescul martus – şi auctor),
rezistenţa (care concentrează
suferinţa, durata, dar şi supravieţuirea) şi recuperarea (având conotaţii terapeutice în formă reflexivă, dar şi
de salvare sau conservare în formă tranzitivă). Dorim să luăm în considerare
influenţa cenzurii şi auto-cenzurii asupra procesului prin care această
mărturie se transmite şi asupra modului în care „memoria absentă” (missing memory, Schwartz, Weller, &
Winkel, 2021) e compensată de formele ficţionale ale scriiturii memorialistice
(conţinute de termenul-umbrelă de life-writing). Contribuţiile autorilor interesaţi de
acest număr pot acoperi un spectru larg de genuri şi subgenuri (biografii şi autobiografii, memorii,
jurnale, scrisori, bioficţiune sau autoficţiune), incluzând texte publicate
postum sau scrise retrospectiv.
Rememorarea traumelor
sau a vinovăţiei se manifestă în gesturi, imagini, naraţiune sau chiar în
ceea ce rămâne nespus. Literatura auto/biografică (life-writing, unde includem şi materiale de arhivă, fotografice şi
corespondenţă) a oferit un instrument major de acces, reansamblare şi conferire
de sens acestor istorii în spaţiul Istoriei.
Numărul e interesat de descifrarea „reminiscenţelor comunicative ale
traumei şi rezistenţei” (communicative
legacies of trauma and resilience, Hannah Klieger, în Mitroiu 2018),
relaţia dintre memorie şi istorie (Radstone & Hodgkin 2003), dar şi dintre
mărturie şi literatură (Felman & Laub 1992, van der Heiden 2019). Impactul
contextului local asupra formei (Mrozik & Tippner 2021) a modelat
categoriile subsumate life-writing-ului,
oferind un nou unghi pentru formularea teoriilor inovatoare asupra dezvoltării
genului. Ne interesează articole care să pună accentul pe contextul local şi
regional dar şi pe specificul mediului politic, social şi cultural care au
influenţat literatura auto/biografică feminină.
Vă invităm să trimiteţi articole legate de următoarele teme şi nu numai:
§
Valoarea
mărturiei, rezistenţei şi supravieţuirii în
literatura auto/biografică feminină, bioficţiune şi autoficţiune în
relaţie cu traume istorice.
§
Rolul
literaturii, dar şi al genurilor hibride (relatări auto/biografice incluzând
fotografia şi artele vizuale), în recuperarea experienţelor feminine
est-europene în secolul XX, dar şi în practici de post-memorie în documentele
contemporane.
§
Politică,
mişcări de emancipare şi retrograde: origini în cadrul secolului al XIX-lea. Marxismul
şi Războiul Rece.
§
Implicarea
femeilor din estul şi sud-estul Europei în mişcările politice (de dreapta sau
stânga, incluzând aderenţa la grupările extremiste) şi, unde a fost cazul,
reprimarea şi trauma care au rezultat din acestea, aşa cum apar prezentate în diverse
medii artistice.
§
Impactul
celor Două Războaie Mondiale şi al Războiului Rece precum şi al represiunii şi
cenzurii comuniste şi fasciste asupra evoluţiei genului auto/biografic şi
chestiunii memoriei.
§
Corpul
ca spaţiu de manifestare al traumei, recuperării şi mărturiei în scriitura
auto/biografică, reflectând atrocităţile secolului XX.
§
Tranziţia
de la martor afectat de evenimente (martus)
la martor ca autor al relatării (auctor)
în scriitura auto/biografică.
§
Stabilirea
de conexiuni şi trasee transnaţionale ale memoriei în scriitura auto/biografică
feminină est şi sud-est europeană.
§
Identităţi
conflictuale ale descendenţilor şi apropiaţilor victimelor, dar şi ale celor
care au perpetuat trauma istorică
Contribuţiile pot fi trimise pe
adresele editorilor acestui număr tematic după cum urmează:
§
Teme de literatură
română, Război Rece şi regimuri totalitare. Lect. dr. Andrada Fătu-Tutoveanu,
andrada.pintilescu@fspac.ro
§
Teme de bioficţiune,
autoficţiune şi post-memorie: Drd. Laura Cernat, cernat.laura@kuleuven.be
§ Teme de literatură est şi sud-est europeană: Conf. Dr. Bavjola Shatro, shatro.uamd.edu@gmail.com
Termene-limită:
§ Rezumate (aprox. 300 de cuvinte): 10 februarie 2022.
§ Lucrări acceptate (8000-9000 cuvinte): 30 iunie 2022.
Bibliografie:
Felman, Shoshana, and Laub, Dori. Testimony: Crises of Witnessing in Literature, Psychoanalysis, and
History. New York & London: Routledge, 1992.
Hirsch, Marianne. Family
Frames: Photography, Narrative, and Postmemory. Cambridge, MA & London:
Harvard University Press, 1997.
Hirsch, Marianne. The
Generation of Postmemory: Writing and Visual Culture After the Holocaust. New
York: Columbia University Press, 2012.
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